Comparison between:
- 2023 KIA EV6 Air RWD
- 2023 KIA EV6 GT-Line AWD (UK)
- 2023 KIA EV6 77 kWh RWD
Brand, model, trim, price
Information about the brand, series, model name and year, trim and price of the electric vehicle.
| 2023 KIA EV6 Air RWD | 2023 KIA EV6 GT-Line AWD (UK) | 2023 KIA EV6 77 kWh RWD | |
 |  |  | |
| Trim | Air RWD | GT-Line AWD (UK) | 77 kWh RWD |
| Model year | 2023 (MY23) | 2023 (MY23) | 2023 (MY23) |
| Market | United Kingdom | United Kingdom | North America |
| Price | GBP 45,245 (UK, Feb 2023) | GBP 51,745 (UK, Feb 2023) | EUR 51,990 (Germany, Feb 2022) |
Body style, dimensions, volumes, weights.
Information about the EV body style, dimensions, clearance, volumes, curb weight, GVWR.
| Body style | Sport utility vehicle (SUV) | Sport utility vehicle (SUV) | Sport utility vehicle (SUV) |
| Materials | Steel Aluminium | Steel Aluminium | Steel Aluminium |
| Exterior colors | Interstellar Gray White Pearl Midnight Black Runway Red | Yacht Blue White Pearl Midnight Black Runway Red | Glacier Off-White Steel Gray Interstellar Gray Gravity Blue Snow White Pearl Aurora Black Pearl Runway Red Yacht Blue |
| Interior colors | Black | Black | Black Light Gray (Charcoal Gray) Dark (Satin Black) |
| Number of doors | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Number of seats | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Length | 184.3 in 4680 mm | 184.8 in 4695 mm | 184.3 in 4680 mm |
| Width with mirrors | 74.0 in 1880 mm | 74.0 in 1880 mm | 74.0 in 1880 mm |
| Height | 61.0 in 1550 mm | 61.0 in 1550 mm | 61.0 in 1550 mm |
| Wheelbase | 114.2 in 2900 mm | 114.2 in 2900 mm | 114.2 in 2900 mm |
| Front track | 64.1 in 1628 mm | 64.1 in 1628 mm | 64.1 in 1628 mm |
| Rear track | 64.4 in 1637 mm | 64.4 in 1637 mm | 64.4 in 1637 mm |
| Clearance | 6.1 in 155 mm | - | 6.1 in 155 mm |
| Front headroom | - | - | 39.0 in 990 mm |
| Rear headroom | - | - | 38.0 in 965 mm |
| Front shoulder room | - | - | 57.8 in 1468 mm |
| Rear shoulder room | - | - | 55.6 in 1413 mm |
| Front hip room | - | - | 54.9 in 1394 mm |
| Rear hip room | - | - | 53.2 in 1351 mm |
| Front legroom | - | - | 42.4 in 1078 mm |
| Rear legroom | - | - | 39.0 in 990 mm |
| Trunk volume | 490.0 l 17.30 ft3 0.49 m3 | 490.0 l 17.30 ft3 0.49 m3 | 490.0 l 17.30 ft3 0.49 m3 |
| Maximum trunk volume | 1300.0 l 45.91 ft3 1.30 m3 | 1300.0 l 45.91 ft3 1.30 m3 | 1300.0 l 45.91 ft3 1.30 m3 |
| Secondary trunk volume | 52.0 l 1.84 ft3 0.05 m3 | 20.0 l 0.71 ft3 0.02 m3 | 52.0 l 1.84 ft3 0.05 m3 |
| Curb weight | 4376.18 lb 1985 kg | 4607.66 lb 2090 kg | 4376.18 lb 1985 kg |
| Payload | - | - | 970.03 lb 440 kg |
| GVWR | 5346.21 lb 2425 kg | 5577.7 lb 2530 kg | 5346.21 lb 2425 kg |
| Towing capacity braked | 3527.4 lb 1600 kg | 3527.4 lb 1600 kg | 3527.4 lb 1600 kg |
| Additional information | - | - | Curb weight with 20" tires - 1995 kg |
Electric motor
Information about the model's electric motor and its performance
| Electric motor type | Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) | Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) | Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) |
| Location of the motor | Rear | Rear | Rear |
| Power | 168 kW 225.3 hp 228.4 ps | - | 168 kW 225.3 hp 228.4 ps |
| Maximum power RPM | 4600 - 8600 rpm | - | 4600 - 8600 rpm |
| Torque | 350 Nm 35.7 kgm 258.1 ft-lb | - | 350 Nm 35.7 kgm 258.1 ft-lb |
| Maximum torque RPM | 4600 - 8600 rpm | - | 4600 - 8600 rpm |
| Regenerative braking | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Driving modes | Eco Comfort Sport Snow | Eco Comfort Sport Snow | Eco Comfort Sport Snow |
Second electric motor
Information about the model's second motor and its performance.
| Motor type | - | Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) | - |
| Location | - | Front | - |
| Regenerative braking | - | Yes | - |
| Driving modes | - | Eco Comfort Sport Snow | - |
Total system power and torque
Information about the total system power and torque of the vehicle.
| Total system power | 168 kW 225.3 hp 228.4 ps | 240 kW 321.8 hp 326.3 ps | 168 kW 225.3 hp 228.4 ps |
| Total system torque | 350 Nm 35.7 kgm 258.1 ft-lb | 605 Nm 61.7 kgm 446.2 ft-lb | 350 Nm 35.7 kgm 258.1 ft-lb |
Performance
Information about the top speed and acceleration of the model.
| Top speed | 115.0 mph 185.0 km/h | 115.0 mph 185.0 km/h | 115.0 mph 185.0 km/h |
| Acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h | 7.30 s | 5.20 s | 7.30 s |
| Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph | 7.20 s | 5.10 s | 7.20 s |
Driving range
Information about the official driving range of the model according to EPA, NEDC, WPTL.
| Driving range | WLTP, CTY: 459.2 mi / 739.0 km WLTP, CMB: 328.1 mi / 528.0 km | WLTP, CTY: 416.0 mi / 669.5 km WLTP, CMB: 314.0 mi / 505.3 km | WLTP, CTY: 426.9 mi / 687.0 km WLTP, CTY: 459.8 mi / 740.0 km WLTP, CMB: 313.2 mi / 504.0 km WLTP, CMB: 328.1 mi / 528.0 km |
Energy efficiency
Information about the energy efficiency of the model in various measurement units according to EPA, NEDC, WPTL.
| Energy efficiency | WLTP, CTY: 11.8 kWh/100 km WLTP, CMB: 16.5 kWh/100 km | WLTP, CTY: 13 kWh/100 km WLTP, CMB: 17.2 kWh/100 km | WLTP, CTY: 11.8 kWh/100 km WLTP, CTY: 12.6 kWh/100 km WLTP, CMB: 16.5 kWh/100 km WLTP, CMB: 17.2 kWh/100 km |
Energy class
Information about the energy class of the electric car.
| Energy class | A+++ | A+++ | A+++ |
Steering
Information about the type of the steering mechanism of the model and related features.
| Type of steering mechanism | Rack and pinion | Rack and pinion | Rack and pinion |
| Type of power steering | Electronic | Electronic | Electronic |
| Turning circle | 11.62 m 38.12 ft | 11.62 m 38.12 ft | 11.6 m 38.06 ft |
| Lock-to-lock turns | 2.67 | 2.67 | 2.67 |
| Additional information | Steering ratio - 14.25:1 | Steering ratio - 14.25:1 | Steering ratio - 14.25:1 |
Transmission
Information about the transmission of the model.
| Type of transmission | Automatic single-speed reduction gear | Automatic single-speed reduction gear | Automatic single-speed reduction gear |
| Drivetrain | Rear-wheel drive (RWD) | All-wheel drive (AWD) | Rear-wheel drive (RWD) |
| Axle ratio | 10.65 | 10.65 | 10.65 |
Suspension
Information about the system of components that connects the wheels and axles to the chassis.
| Front suspension | Independent MacPherson strut | Independent MacPherson strut | Independent MacPherson strut |
| Rear suspension | Independent Multi-link | Independent Multi-link | Independent Multi-link |
Brakes
Information about the brake system used on this model.
| Front brakes | Ventilated discs | Ventilated discs | Ventilated discs |
| Front disc brake diameter | 12.8 in 325 mm | 12.8 in 325 mm | 12.8 in 325 mm |
| Rear brakes | Discs | Discs | Ventilated discs |
| Rear disc brake diameter | 12.8 in 325 mm | 12.8 in 325 mm | 12.8 in 325 mm |
Rims
Information about the rims available for this electric car.
| Rims | 7.5Jx19 | 7.5Jx19 | 7.5Jx19 8Jx20 |
Tyres
Information about the tyres available for this electric vehicle.
| Tyres | 235/55R19 105V | 235/55R19 105V | 235/55R19 105V 255/45R20 105H |
Battery
Specifications and features of the rechargeable battery that powers this vehicle.
| Battery capacity | 77.4 kWh | 77.4 kWh | 77.4 kWh |
| Type | Lithium-Ion | Lithium-Ion | Lithium-Ion |
| Number of cells | 384 | 384 | 384 |
| Battery voltage | 697 V | 697 V | 697 V |
| Weight | 1051.83 lb 477.1 kg | 1051.83 lb 477.1 kg | 1051.83 lb 477.1 kg |
| Volume | 337.3 l 11.91 ft3 0.34 m3 | 337.3 l 11.91 ft3 0.34 m3 | 337.3 l 11.91 ft3 0.34 m3 |
| Location | Under the floor, middle | Under the floor, middle | Under the floor, middle |
| Cooling | Liquid-based coolant circulation | Liquid-based coolant circulation | Liquid-based coolant circulation |
| Additional information | Battery capacity - 111.2 Ah Cell-Level Energy Density - 618 Wh/l Pack-Level Energy Density - 229.4 Wh/l | Battery capacity - 111.2 Ah Cell-Level Energy Density - 618 Wh/l Pack-Level Energy Density - 229.4 Wh/l Vehicle-2-load (V2L) Optional heat pump | Battery capacity - 111.2 Ah Cell-Level Energy Density - 618 Wh/l Pack-Level Energy Density - 229.4 Wh/l Vehicle-to-Load (V2L) external port 2nd row vehicle to load (V2L) outlet (under seat) |
Onboard charger/Charging port
Information about the onboard charger(s)/charging port(s) available on this electric vehicle.
| Onboard charger/Charging port | Type 2 CCS2 | Type 2 CCS2 | Type 2 CCS2 |
Charging type
Information about the different types of charging of this specific electric car.
| Charging type | AC 10.9 kW DC 240 kW | AC 10.9 kW DC 240 kW | AC 10.9 kW DC 240 kW |
Charging time
Information about the estimated charging time for this EV depending on the various type of charging it supports.
| Charging time | DC 350 kW, 0:11-0:18 | DC 350 kW, 0:11-0:18 | DC 350 kW, 0:11-0:18 |
Additional features
A list of standard and optional exterior and interior features of the model.
| Additional features | 2nd row side seats armrest with two cupholders (S) Front console arm rest with storage box and cup holders (x2) (S) High-gloss black front grille (Digital Tiger Face Design) (S) High-Gloss black lower fascia bumper (S) High-gloss black side sills (S) High-gloss black wheel arches (S) Rear spoiler (integrated into rear taillamp) (S) Roof spoiler (located at leading edge of backlight) (S) 4-wheel Antilock Brakes System (ABS) (S) Central door locks (S) Drive Mode Select (DMS) (S) Driver Attention Warning (DAW) (S) Driver's knee airbag (S) Dual front advanced airbags (S) Dual front seat-mounted side airbags (S) eCall (S) Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) with auto hold (S) Electronic Stability Control (ESC) (S) Forward Collision-Avoidance (FCA) Fusion (S) Front and rear 3-point seat belts (S) Front seat-belt pretensioners (S) Full-length side curtain airbags (S) Height-adjustable front seat-belt anchors (S) High Beam Assist (HBA) (S) Highway Driving Assist (HDA) (S) Hill-start Assist Control (HAC) (S) Immobilizer (S) Impact sensing auto door unlock (S) Intelligent speed limit assist (ISLA) (S) ISOFIX (S) Lane Following Assist System (LFA) (S) Lane Keep Assist System (LKA) (S) Multi-collision brake assist (MCBA) (S) Navigation-based Smart Cruise Control - Curve with Stop and Go (NSCC-C) (S) Rear Cross-Traffic Collision Avoidance (RCCA) (S) Rear Occupant Alert (ROA) door-logic based (S) Rear parking sensors (S) Rear-view Camera with dynamic guidelines (S) Smart Cruise Control (SCC) with Stop and Go (S) Speed sensing auto door locks (S) Tire Mobility Kit (TMK) (S) Tire-Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) - high line (S) Vehicle Stability Management (VSM) (S) 6 x -speaker audio system (S) 12.3-inch Color TFT LCD panoramic curved display cluster (S) 12.3-inch color TFT touchscreen navigation display (AVN 5.0 with TMU) (S) Console tray with 12V power outlet (x1), USB-A data port (x1) and USB-C charge ports (x2) (S) Second-row USB-C charge ports (x2) (S) Shark fin antenna (S) Trip computer (S) Wi-Fi Hotspot (S) Air filter (S) Dual-zone automatic air-conditioner (S) Front and rear air conditioning vents (S) 60/40 split rear seats (S) Front and rear adjustable headrests (S) Front passenger seat back pocket (S) Heated front seats (3-levels) (S) Manually adjustable driver's seat with 2-way power lumbar support (S) Manually adjustable passenger's seat (S) Heated steering wheel (S) Steering wheel-mounted audio, Bluetooth, voice recognition and cruise controls (S) Tilt and telescoping steering column (S) Vegan leather steering wheel (S) Acoustic film front door window (S) Acoustic film windshield (S) Body-color outside door handles (S) Front and rear door map pockets with bottle holder (S) Heated (Defroster) tailgate (S) Illuminated sunvisor vanity mirrors (S) Luggage board (S) Manual aero flush outside door handles (S) Matte silver metallic paint inside door handles (S) Plastic scuff plates (S) Power windows all-around with auto up and down functions (S) Rain sensing front wipers (S) Electric chromic inside rear-view mirror (S) High-gloss black side mirrors (S) Power adjustable heated side mirrors (S) Power folding side mirrors with integrated side-repeater lamps (S) Auto Light Control headlights (S) Glove box with illumination (S) LED center room lamp (S) LED Daytime Running Light (DRL) (S) LED headlights (S) LED High Mounted Stop lamp (S) LED map lamp (S) LED puddle lamps (S) LED rear cargo light (S) LED rear fog lights (S) LED side puddle lamps (S) Rear LED combination lamps (S) Carpet flooring (S) Cloth trim roof (S) Recycled fabric crashpad (S) Vegan leather seat trim (S) | 2nd row side seats armrest with two cupholders (S) Alloy pedals (S) Body coloured door garnish (S) Body coloured wheel arches (S) Front console arm rest with storage box and cup holders (x2) (S) GT-Line exterior styling (S) High-gloss black front grille (Digital Tiger Face Design) (S) High-Gloss black lower fascia bumper (S) Rear spoiler (integrated into rear taillamp) (S) Roof spoiler (located at leading edge of backlight) (S) 4-wheel Antilock Brakes System (ABS) (S) Blind-spot collision avoidance assist (BCA) with rear-cross traffic assist (RCTA) & (S) Central door locks (S) Drive Mode Select (DMS) (S) Driver Attention Warning (DAW) (S) Driver's knee airbag (S) Dual front advanced airbags (S) Dual front seat-mounted side airbags (S) eCall (S) Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) with auto hold (S) Electronic Stability Control (ESC) (S) Forward Collision-Avoidance (FCA) Fusion (S) Front and rear 3-point seat belts (S) Front parking sensors (S) Front seat-belt pretensioners (S) Full-length side curtain airbags (S) Height-adjustable front seat-belt anchors (S) High Beam Assist (HBA) (S) Highway Driving Assist (HDA) (S) Hill-start Assist Control (HAC) (S) Immobilizer (S) Impact sensing auto door unlock (S) Intelligent speed limit assist (ISLA) (S) ISOFIX (S) Lane Following Assist System (LFA) (S) Lane Keep Assist System (LKA) (S) Multi-collision brake assist (MCBA) (S) Navigation-based Smart Cruise Control - Curve with Stop and Go (NSCC-C) (S) Rear Cross-Traffic Collision Avoidance (RCCA) (S) Rear Occupant Alert (ROA) door-logic based (S) Rear parking sensors (S) Rear-view Camera with dynamic guidelines (S) Safe Exit Assist (SEA) (S) Smart Cruise Control (SCC) with Stop and Go (S) Speed sensing auto door locks (S) Tire Mobility Kit (TMK) (S) Tire-Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) - high line (S) Vehicle Stability Management (VSM) (S) 6 x -speaker audio system (S) 12.3-inch Color TFT LCD panoramic curved display cluster (S) 12.3-inch color TFT touchscreen navigation display (AVN 5.0 with TMU) (S) Console tray with 12V power outlet (x1), USB-A data port (x1) and USB-C charge ports (x2) (S) Second-row USB-C charge ports (x2) (S) Shark fin antenna (S) Trip computer (S) Wi-Fi Hotspot (S) Wireless mobile phone charger (S) Air filter (S) Dual-zone automatic air-conditioner (S) Front and rear air conditioning vents (S) 60/40 split rear seats (S) Driver & front passenger premium relaxion seats (S) Driver power adjusted memory seat with front passenger power seat with 2-way electric lumbar (S) Front and rear adjustable headrests (S) Front passenger seat back pocket (S) Heated front seats (3-levels) (S) Heated steering wheel (S) Steering wheel-mounted audio, Bluetooth, voice recognition and cruise controls (S) Tilt and telescoping steering column (S) Vegan leather steering wheel (S) Acoustic film front door window (S) Acoustic film windshield (S) Body-color outside door handles (S) Deluxe scuff plates (S) Front and rear door map pockets with bottle holder (S) Heated (Defroster) tailgate (S) Illuminated sunvisor vanity mirrors (S) Luggage board (S) Manual aero flush outside door handles (S) Matte silver metallic paint inside door handles (S) Power windows all-around with auto up and down functions (S) Rain sensing front wipers (S) Rear privacy glass (S) Solar glass windshield (S) Electric chromic inside rear-view mirror (S) High-gloss black side mirrors (S) Power adjustable heated side mirrors (S) Power folding side mirrors with integrated side-repeater lamps (S) Auto Light Control headlights (S) Dual LED headlights with adaptive driving beam (S) Glove box with illumination (S) LED center room lamp (S) LED Daytime Running Light (DRL) (S) LED High Mounted Stop lamp (S) LED map lamp (S) LED puddle lamps (S) LED rear cargo light (S) LED rear fog lights (S) LED side puddle lamps (S) Rear LED combination lamps (S) Carpet flooring (S) Cloth trim roof (S) Recycled fabric crashpad (S) Suede seats with white vegan leather bolsters (S) | 2nd row side seats armrest with two cupholders (S) Front console arm rest with storage box and two cup holders (S) Hidden storage tray in cargo area (S) 4-wheel Antilock Brakes System (ABS) (S) Adaptive Cruise Control (SCC) with Stop and Go (S) Blind Spot Collision Warning (BCW) (O) Blind-Spot View Monitor (BVM) (O) Central door locks (S) Children lock (O) Drive Mode Select (DMS) (S) Driver Attention Warning (DAW) with Lead Vehicle Departure Alert (LVDA) (S) Driver's knee airbag (S) Dual front advanced airbags (S) Dual front seat-mounted side airbags (S) eCall (S) Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) with auto hold (S) Electronic Stability Control (ESC) (S) Forward Collision-Avoidance Assist (FCA) with camera and radar for car/pedestrian/cyclist (S) Forward Collision-Avoidance Assist (FCA) with camera and radar for turning and junction crossing (O) Front and rear 3-point seat belts (S) Front parking sensors (O) Front seat-belt pretensioners (S) Full-length side curtain airbags (S) Height-adjustable front seat-belt anchors (S) High Beam Assist (HBA) (S) Highway Driving Assist (HDA) (S) Highway Driving Assist 2.0 (HDA 2.0) (O) Hill-start Assist Control (HAC) (S) Immobilizer (S) Impact sensing auto door unlock (S) Intelligent Speed Limit Assist (ISLA) (S) ISOFIX (S) Lane Following Assist System (LFA) (S) Lane Keep Assist System (LKA) (S) Multi-Collision Brake Assist (MCB) (S) Navigation-based Smart Cruise Control - Curve with Stop and Go (NSCC-C) (S) Parking Collision-Avoidance Assist (PCA) (O) Parking Distance Warning (PDW-R) - rear parking sensors (S) Rear Cross-Traffic Collision Avoidance (RCCA) (O) Rear Occupant Alert (ROA) door-logic based (O) Rear View Monitor (RVM) (S) Rear-view Camera with dynamic guidelines (S) Smart Key with Push-button start, burglar alarm, escort headlamp, immobilizer, panic (S) Speed sensing auto door locks (S) Surround View Monitor (SVM) (O) Tire Mobility Kit (TMK) (S) Tire-Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) - high line (S) Vehicle Stability Management (VSM) (S) 12.3-inch Color TFT LCD panoramic curved display cluster (S) 12.3-inch color TFT touchscreen navigation display (AVN 5.0 with TMU) (S) 12V socket in rear cargo compartment (S) Bluetooth (S) 4 x Front and rear door speakers (S) Front and rear tweeters, external subwoofer, center speaker and surround sound (O) Front console tray with 12V power outlet (x1), USB-A data port (x1) and USB-C charge ports (x2) (S) 2 x Front tweeters (S) Head-up display (O) Meridian premium sound system with a total of 14 speakers, external power amplifier and surround sou (O) Second-row USB-C charge ports (x2) (S) Shark fin antenna (S) Trip computer (S) Wi-Fi Hotspot (S) Wireless phone charger (O) Air filter (S) Automatic temperature control with auto defog (S) Rear air conditioning vents (S) 60/40 split rear seats (S) Front and rear adjustable headrests (S) Front passener seat with 2-way power-adjustable lumbar support (O) Front passenger seat back pocket (S) Heated front seats (3-levels) (S) Heated outer rear seats (O) Height-adjustable driver's seat (S) Height-adjustable front passenger seat (S) Integrated Memory System (IMS) with 2-position memory for driver's seat (O) Premium relaxation seats front (O) Ventilated front seats (O) Heated vegan leather-trimmed steering wheel (S) Steering wheel-mounted audio, Bluetooth, voice recognition and cruise controls (S) Tilt and telescoping steering column (S) Acoustic film windshield (S) Active Sound Design (ASD) (O) Front and rear door map pockets with bottle holder (S) Heated (Defroster) tailgate (S) Luggage board (S) Manual aero flush outside door handles in body color (S) Manual liftgate (S) Matte silver metallic paint inside door handles (S) Plastic scuff plates (S) Power liftgate (O) Power windows front and rear, impulse function and anti-trap protection on all seats (S) Privacy glass on rear doors with quarter glass and tailgate (O) Thermal insulation glazing on windows (S) Windscreen and front side windows in solar glass (UV protection) (O) Windshield wiper blade with variable intermittent switching (S) Anti-fog system (S) Auto-dimming rearview mirror (S) Heated side mirrors with LED repeater lamps (S) Power-folding and power-adjustable side mirrors (S) Side mirrors with memory (S) Adaptive dual-LED headlights (O) Auto Light Control headlights (S) Door courtesy reflector (S) Illuminated sunvisor vanity mirrors (S) LED center room lamp (S) LED Daytime Running Light (DRL) (S) LED headlights (S) LED map lamp (S) LED rear cargo light (S) LED side puddle lamps (S) LED taillights (S) Rear spoiler with LED High Mounted Stop Lamp (S) Twilight sensor (S) Carpet flooring (S) Cloth and vegan leather seating (S) Cloth trim roof (S) Recycled fabric crashpad (S) Vegan leather seating (O) |
Additional information
Additional information about this electric vehicle.
| Additional information | Electric-Global Modular Platform (E-GMP) | Electric-Global Modular Platform (E-GMP) | Electric-Global Modular Platform (E-GMP) There can be differences in the features for one and the same trim available in different countries in Europe. Check the exact details with your local dealer. |
| 2023 KIA EV6 Air RWD | 2023 KIA EV6 GT-Line AWD (UK) | 2023 KIA EV6 77 kWh RWD |