Comparison between:
- 2020 Lexus UX 300e Premium
- 2015 Nissan Leaf SV
- 2022 BMW iX xDrive40
- 2023 Toyota bZ4X Vision FWD
Brand, model, trim, price
Information about the brand, series, model name and year, trim and price of the electric vehicle.
| 2020 Lexus UX 300e Premium | 2015 Nissan Leaf SV | 2022 BMW iX xDrive40 | 2023 Toyota bZ4X Vision FWD | |
| Series | - | ZE0 | - | - |
 |  |  |  | |
| Model alias | - | - | iX xDrive 40 | bZ4X Executive FWD |
| Trim | Premium | SV | - | Vision FWD |
| Model year | 2020 | 2015 | 2022 | 2023 |
| Market | Europe, China, Japan | - | North America, Europe, China | Europe |
| Price | SKR 629,900 (Sweden, Feb 2023) | - | EUR 77,300 (DE, Jun 2021) GBP 69,905 (UK, Jun 2021) | GBP 51,410 (UK, Feb 2023) SKR 650,900 (Sweden, Feb 2023) NOK 570,181 (Norway, Feb 2023) |
Body style, dimensions, volumes, weights.
Information about the EV body style, dimensions, clearance, volumes, curb weight, GVWR.
| Body style | Sport utility vehicle (SUV) | Hatchback | Sport utility vehicle (SUV) | Sport utility vehicle (SUV) |
| Materials | Steel | Steel | Carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) Aluminium | Reinforced unitized steel body with alloy undercover |
| Exterior colors | Black Red Sonic White Mercury Gray Sonic Titanium Graphite Black Blazing Carnelian Terrane Khaki Celestial Blue Sonic Gray | Brilliant Silver Gun Metallic Super Black Cayenne Red Glacier White Pearl White and new MorningSky Blue Glacier White Pearl White | Alpine White Sapphire Black Metallic Sophistogrey Metallic with Brilliant Effect Phytonic Blue Blue Ridge Mountain | Astral Black Dark Blue Precious Metal (Deep Metal Gray) Sterling Silver (Precious Silver) Platinum White Pearl Scarlet Flare (Emotional Red 2) |
| Interior colors | Black Rich Cream White Ash B-Ocher Cobalt | Black Light Grey | Loft Stonegrey Atelier Mokka Atelier Black Suite Amido Suite Castanea | Black |
| Number of doors | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Number of seats | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Length | 177.0 in 4495 mm | 175.0 in 4445 mm | 195.0 in 4953 mm | 184.6 in 4690 mm |
| Width | - | 69.7 in 1770 mm | 77.4 in 1967 mm | - |
| Width with mirrors | 81.8 in 2078 mm | 77.4 in 1967 mm | - | - |
| Width with folded mirrors | 72.4 in 1840 mm | - | - | 73.2 in 1860 mm |
| Height | 60.8 in 1545 mm | 61.0 in 1550 mm | 66.7 in 1695 mm | 65.0 in 1650 mm |
| Wheelbase | 103.9 in 2640 mm | 106.3 in 2700 mm | 118.1 in 3000 mm | 112.2 in 2850 mm |
| Front track | 61.4 in 1560 mm | 60.6 in 1539 mm | 66.1 in 1679 mm | 63.0 in 1600 mm |
| Rear track | 61.4 in 1560 mm | 60.4 in 1534 mm | 67.3 in 1709 mm | 63.4 in 1610 mm |
| Clearance | - | 6.3 in 160 mm | 8.0 in 202 mm | - |
| Minimum clearance | 5.5 in 140 mm | - | - | 7.0 in 177 mm |
| Front headroom | 37.3 in 948 mm | 41.2 in 1047 mm | - | 38.6 in 980 mm |
| Rear headroom | 37.4 in 950 mm | 37.3 in 948 mm | - | 37.1 in 942 mm |
| Front shoulder room | 55.0 in 1398 mm | 54.3 in 1379 mm | - | - |
| Rear shoulder room | 52.9 in 1344 mm | 52.5 in 1334 mm | - | - |
| Front hip room | 53.9 in 1368 mm | 51.5 in 1308 mm | - | 54.4 in 1382 mm |
| Rear hip room | 52.3 in 1329 mm | 50.0 in 1270 mm | - | 44.8 in 1138 mm |
| Front legroom | - | 42.1 in 1069 mm | - | 42.1 in 1069 mm |
| Rear legroom | - | 33.3 in 846 mm | - | 35.3 in 897 mm |
| Passenger volume | - | 2617.0 l 92.42 ft3 2.62 m3 | - | 2673.0 l 94.40 ft3 2.67 m3 |
| Total volume | - | 3296.0 l 116.40 ft3 3.30 m3 | - | 3458.0 l 122.12 ft3 3.46 m3 |
| Trunk volume | - | 680.0 l 24.01 ft3 0.68 m3 | 500.0 l 17.66 ft3 0.50 m3 | 452.0 l 15.96 ft3 0.45 m3 |
| Maximum trunk volume | 624.0 l 22.04 ft3 0.62 m3 | 850.0 l 30.02 ft3 0.85 m3 | 1750.0 l 61.80 ft3 1.75 m3 | - |
| Curb weight | 4056.51 lb 1840 kg | 3276.07 lb 1486 kg | 5379.28 lb 2440 kg | 4519.48 lb 2050 kg |
| Payload | - | 917.12 lb 416 kg | - | 914.92 lb 415 kg |
| GVWR | 5599.74 lb 2540 kg | 4193.19 lb 1902 kg | - | 5434.39 lb 2465 kg |
| Drag coefficient | 0.31 Cd | 0.28 Cd | 0.25 Cd | - |
| Additional information | Front overhang - 970 mm Rear overhang - 885 mm Approach angle - 14.4° Departure angle - 25.8° Ramp break-over angle - 22.9° | - | Maximum axle load from / rear - 1450 / 1690 kg Maximum trailer load braked / unbraked - 2500 / 750 kg Maximum roofload / towbar download - 75 / 100 kg Angle of approach / departure = 18.8 / 20.7° Breakover angle - 17.5° Fording depth at 7 km/h - 379 mm | Overhang front - 915 mm Overhang rear - 925 mm Approach angle - 17.4° Departure angle - 25.4° Wading depth - 500 mm |
Electric motor
Information about the model's electric motor and its performance
| Manufacturer | - | Nissan | BMW | - |
| Model | - | EM61 | - | - |
| Electric motor type | Permanent magnet synchronous | Permanent magnet synchronous | Permanent magnet synchronous | AC synchronous |
| Location of the motor | Front | Front | Rear | Front |
| Voltage | - | 360 V | - | - |
| Power | 150 kW 201.2 hp 203.9 ps | 80 kW 107.3 hp 108.8 ps | 250 kW 335.3 hp 339.9 ps | 150 kW 201.2 hp 203.9 ps |
| Torque | 300 Nm 30.6 kgm 221.3 ft-lb | 254 Nm 25.9 kgm 187.3 ft-lb | 400 Nm 40.8 kgm 295.0 ft-lb | 266 Nm 27.2 kgm 196.4 ft-lb |
| Regenerative braking | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Driving modes | Eco Normal Sport | Eco Normal B-mode | - | Eco Normal Boost Snow |
| Additional information | - | - | BMW 5th Gen eDrive technology Total system power - 240 kW (326 hp) Total system torque - 630 Nm System power-to-weight ratio - 9.9 kg/kW | - |
Second electric motor
Information about the model's second motor and its performance.
| Manufacturer | - | - | BMW | - |
| Motor type | - | - | Permanent magnet synchronous | - |
| Location | - | - | Front | - |
| Power | - | - | 200 kW 268.2 hp 271.9 ps | - |
| Torque | - | - | 352 Nm 35.9 kgm 259.6 ft-lb | - |
| Regenerative braking | - | - | Yes | - |
Performance
Information about the top speed and acceleration of the model.
| Top speed | 99.4 mph 160.0 km/h | 90.1 mph 145.0 km/h | 124.3 mph 200.0 km/h | 99.4 mph 160.0 km/h |
| Acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h | 7.50 s | 11.30 s | 6.10 s | 7.50 s |
Driving range
Information about the official driving range of the model according to EPA, NEDC, WPTL.
| Driving range | WLTP: 143.5 mi / 231.0 km WLTP: 193.2 mi / 311.0 km WLTP: 259.1 mi / 417.0 km | EPA: 84.0 mi / 135.2 km | WLTP: 264.1 mi / 425.0 km | WLTP: 270.9 mi / 436.0 km |
Energy efficiency
Information about the energy efficiency of the model in various measurement units according to EPA, NEDC, WPTL.
| Energy efficiency | WLTP, CMB: 16.9 kWh/100 km | EPA, CTY: 17 kWh/100 km EPA, CMB: 18.7 kWh/100 km EPA, HWY: 21.2 kWh/100 km EPA, CTY: 27.3 kWh/100 mi EPA, CMB: 30 kWh/100 mi EPA, HWY: 34 kWh/100 mi EPA, HWY: 101 MPGe EPA, CMB: 114 MPGe EPA, CTY: 126 MPGe | WLTP, CMB: 22.5 kWh/100 km | WLTP, CMB: 14.8 kWh/100 km |
Energy class
Information about the energy class of the electric car.
| Energy class | - | A | A+ | - |
Steering
Information about the type of the steering mechanism of the model and related features.
| Type of steering mechanism | Rack and pinion | Rack and pinion | Rack and pinion | Rack and pinion |
| Type of power steering | Electronic | Electronic | Electronic | Electronic |
| Turning circle | 10.4 m 34.12 ft | 10.4 m 34.12 ft | 12.8 m 41.99 ft | 11.2 m 36.75 ft |
| Lock-to-lock turns | 2.76 | - | - | 2.8 |
| Additional information | - | - | Optional Integral Active Steering Steering ratio - 16:1 | Electric Power Steering |
Transmission
Information about the transmission of the model.
| Type of transmission | Automatic single-speed reduction gear | Automatic single-speed reduction gear | Automatic single-speed reduction gear | Automatic single-speed reduction gear |
| Drivetrain | Front-wheel drive (FWD) | Front-wheel drive (FWD) | All-wheel drive (AWD) | Front-wheel drive (FWD) |
| Axle ratio | 11.691 | 7.9377 | 8.774 | - |
| Axle ratio of the second electric motor. | - | - | 11.115 | - |
Suspension
Information about the system of components that connects the wheels and axles to the chassis.
| Front suspension | Independent MacPherson strut Coil springs (helical springs) | Independent MacPherson strut Coil springs (helical springs) Anti-roll bar (stabilizer link / stabilizer bar) | Independent Double wishbone Optional air suspension with automatic self-levelling and electronically controlled dampers | Independent MacPherson strut Anti-roll bar (stabilizer link / stabilizer bar) |
| Rear suspension | Independent Trailing arm (trailing link) Double wishbone Coil springs (helical springs) | Torsion beam (twist beam / torsion bar) Anti-roll bar (stabilizer link / stabilizer bar) | Independent Five-link axle Optional air suspension with automatic self-levelling and electronically controlled dampers | Independent Anti-roll bar (stabilizer link / stabilizer bar) Multi-link |
Brakes
Information about the brake system used on this model.
| Front brakes | Ventilated discs | Ventilated discs | Ventilated discs | Ventilated discs |
| Rear brakes | Ventilated discs | Discs | Ventilated discs | Ventilated discs |
| Additional information | Front disk diameter / thickness - 305 mm / 28 mm Rear disk diameter / thickness - 317 mm / 18 mm | 4-wheel power-assisted disc brakes | Front - four-piston fixed calipers Front brake disk size - 348 x 30 mm Rear - single-piston floating calipers Rear brake disk size - 330 x 20 mm | Front disks - 12.9 in Rear disks - 12.5 in |
Rims
Information about the rims available for this electric car.
| Rims | - | 6.5Jx16 ET40 | 8.5Jx20 | - |
Tyres
Information about the tyres available for this electric vehicle.
| Tyres | 215/60R17 | 205/55R16 89H | 235/60R20 108H | - |
Battery
Specifications and features of the rechargeable battery that powers this vehicle.
| Manufacturer | - | AESC | CATL | - |
| Type of rechargeable battery | Lithium-Ion | Lithium-Ion | Lithium-Ion | Lithium-Ion |
| Battery capacity | 54.35 kWh | 24 kWh | 76.6 kWh | 71.4 kWh |
| Number of cells | - | 192 | - | - |
| Number of modules | 288 | 48 | - | 96 |
| Voltage | 355 V | 360 V | 330.3 V | 355 V |
| Energy density | - | 157 Wh/kg | - | - |
| Weight | - | 601.86 lb 273 kg | - | - |
| Volume | - | 485.0 l 17.13 ft3 0.48 m3 | - | - |
| Location | Under the floor, middle | Under the floor, middle | Under the floor, middle | Under the floor, middle |
| Cooling | Water-based coolant circulation | Air convection (passive) | Water-based coolant circulation | Water-based coolant circulation |
| Minimum ambient temperature | - | -35 °C -31 °F | - | - |
| Maximum ambient temperature | - | 45 °C 113 °F | - | - |
| Additional information | Battery capacity - 153 Ah | Stacked laminated LiMn2O4 with LiNiO2/Graphite Battery heater Auxiliary 12-volt lead-acid battery | Net battery capacity - 71 kWh | Battery capacity - 201 Ah |
Charging type
Information about the different types of charging of this specific electric car.
| Charging type | AC charging, 6.6 kW DC fast charging, 50 kW | EVSE cable, 2.3 kW Portable cable, 7.4 kW | Wallbox, 11 kW DC fast charging, 150 kW | AC charging, 6.6 kW AC charging, 11 kW DC charging, 150 kW |
Onboard charger/Charging port
Information about the onboard charger(s)/charging port(s) available on this electric vehicle.
| Onboard charger/Charging port | - | Onboard charger, Type 1, 6.6 kW Quick charge port, Type 4, 50 kW | Onboard charger, Type 2 CCS2, 7.4 kW Onboard charger, Type 2 CCS2, 11 kW | Onboard charger, Type 2 CCS2, 6.6 kW |
Charging time
Information about the estimated charging time for this EV depending on the various type of charging it supports.
| Charging time | - | Fast charging station, 0:23-0:29 Portable cable, 3:39-4:00 EVSE cable, 10:26-21:00 | DC fast charging, 0:31 Wallbox 11 kW, 8:00 | DC charging, 0:30 AC charging 6.6 kW, 9:30 |
Additional features
A list of standard and optional exterior and interior features of the model.
| Additional features | 12V socket front (S) Body-colored door handles (S) Chrome bumper and grille garnish (S) 2-stage airbags for driver and front passenger (S) 3-flash lane change indicators (S) Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS) (S) Active brake lights (S) Airbag cut-off switch for front passenger (S) All-speed dynamic radar cruise control with curve speed management (S) Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) (S) Anti-theft system (S) Audible and visual seatbelts reminder front and rear seats (S) Automatic High Beam (AHB) (S) Brake Mode Select (S) Child safety door lock (S) Curtain shield airbags (S) Double door lock and wireless door lock (S) Dusk sensor (S) Dynamic Radar Cruise Control (DRCC) (S) Electric Parking Brake (EPB) (S) Electric Power Steering (EPS) (S) Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD) (S) i-Size attachment outer rear seats (S) Intelligent high beams (S) ISOFIX attachment outer rear seats (S) Knee airbags for friver and front passenger (S) Lane departure alert with steering assist (S) Lane tracing assist (S) Pre-collision system with pedestrian detection (S) Road sign assist (S) 6 x -speaker Panasonic audio system (S) 7" color multi-information display (S) Active Sound Control (ASC) (S) Analogue clock with GPS function (S) AUX socket on front centre console (S) Bluetooth mobile phone and audio connectivity (S) Card Key (S) Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) radio (S) Digital speedometer (S) Emergency Response System (eCall) (S) Shark fin antenna (S) 4 x USB ports - 2 front and 2 rear (S) Clean air filter with pollen / PM removal and deodoriser (S) 2-way lumbar support on driver seat (S) 2-way manually adjustable front and rear headrests (S) 8-way electrically adjustable front seats (S) 3-spoke leather trimmed steering wheel (S) Acoustic glass on windscreen (S) Heated side mirrors (S) Power adjustable and folding side mirrors (S) Auto-levelling static headlights (S) Bi-LED headlights and LED DRLs (S) | Tire repair kit (S) 3-point ALR/ELR seat belts (S) Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) (S) Around View Monitor (O) Brake Assist (S) Child safety rear door locks (S) Child seat upper tether anchor (S) Electronic Brake force Distribution (EBD) (S) Energy-absorbing front and rear bumpers (S) Energy-absorbing steering column (S) Front and rear assist grips (S) Front and rear crumple zones (S) Hill start assist (S) LATCH (S) Nissan Advanced Air Bag System (S) Nissan Vehicle Immobilizer System (S) Parking brake (manual, foot pedal) (S) Pretensioners and load limiters on front belts (S) Side door guard beams (S) Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) (S) Traction Control System (TCS) (S) Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC) (S) Vehicle Security System (VSS) (S) 7-inch color LCD display (S) AM/FM/CD with MP3/WMA CD (S) Auxiliary input jack (S) Bluetooth (S) Bose 7-speaker premium audio system (O) Cruise control (S) Cruise control switches (S) Digital meter cluster (S) Nissan Connection by CARWINGS (S) Nissan Navigation System with NavTraffic (S) Palm-shift drive selector (S) Pandora link for iPhone (S) SiriusXM Satellite Radio (S) 6 x Speakers (S) Trip computer (S) USB port (S) Automatic Temperature Control (S) Rear HVAC ducts (S) Heater, AC timer (S) Hybrid heater system with heat pump (S) 4-way manual front passenger seat (S) 6-way manual driver's seat (S) 60/40 folding rear seats (S) Front and rear heated seats (S) 3-spoke, heated, leather wrapped (S) Nissan Intelligent Key (S) Power door locks w/auto locking system (S) Power windows (S) Rear window defroster with timer (S) Remote charge door release (S) Variable intermittent windshield wipers (S) Auto-dimming inside rearview mirror (S) Heated outside mirrors (S) Power remote-controlled outside mirrors (S) Automatic on/off headlights (O) Fog lights (O) Halogen headlights (S) LED headlights (O) LED taillights (S) Room lamp (S) Partially recycled cloth seat fabric (S) | Sports Package (O) Travel + Comfort System accessories (S) Active Cruise Control with Stop&Go function (O) ARB technology (bear-actuator wheel slip limitation) (S) Automatic Brake System (ABS) (S) Automatic Stability Control (ASC) (S) Belt latch tensioner and force limiter on front seats (S) Cornering Brake Control (CBC) (S) Crash sensors (S) Drive-off Assistant (S) Driver and front passenger front airbags (S) Driver and front passenger side airbags (S) Dry Braking function (S) Dynamic Brake Control (DBC) (S) Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) (S) Dynamic Traction Control (DTC) (S) Fading compensation (S) Front and rear seats head airbargs (S) Hill Descent Control (HDC) (S) Parking Assistant including Active Park Distance Control and reversing camera (S) Performance control (S) Steering and Lane Control Assistant (O) Three-point inertia-reel seatbelts on all seats (S) Trailer stability control (S) Tyre pressure indicator (S) 12.3-inch information display (S) 14.9-inch control display (S) BMW Live Cockpit Plus (S) BMW Operating System 8 with navigation (S) Automatic air conditioning with 2-zone control including rear vents (S) Electrically adjustable front seats (S) Panoramic sunroof (O) LED headlights (S) LED rear lights (S) Leather (O) Microfiber and wool / Sensatec (S) | Rear spoiler (S) Satin Chrome-plated lower front grille (S) 3-point seatbelts for all seating positions (S) 360º Panoramic View Monitor (PVM) (S) Adaptive High Beam (AHB) (S) Adjustable front shoulder anchors (S) 8 x airbags (S) Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) (S) Anti-theft system with immobilize (S) Automatic headlight levelling (S) Automatic High Beams (AHB) (S) Automatic/Emergency Locking Retractor (ALR/ELR) on all passenger seatbelts (S) Backup camera with projected path (S) Blind Spot Monitor (BSM) (S) Brake Assist (BA) (S) Child-protector rear door locks and power window lockout control (S) Driver and front passenger airbags (S) Driver and front passenger seat-mounted side airbags (S) Driver and passenger seat knee airbags (S) Driver-side Emergency Locking Retractor (ELR) (S) Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD) (S) Electronically Controlled Braking System (S) Front and rear curtain shield airbags (S) Front and Rear Parking Assist with Automatic Braking (S) Full-Speed Range Dynamic Radar Cruise Control (S) Heated front seats (S) Hill-start Assist Control (HAC) (S) Intelligent Clearance Sonar (ICS) front for objects (S) Intelligent Clearance Sonar (ICS) on rear for pedestrians, objects and vehicle (S) Lane Departure Alert with Steering Assist (S) Lane Tracing Assist (LTA) (S) LATCH on rear seats (S) Pre-Collision System with Pedestrian Detection (S) Rear Cross-Traffic Alert (RCTA) (S) Remote keyless entry system (S) Road Sign Assist (RSA) (S) Safe Exit Assist (S) Safe Exit Assist (SEA) (S) Smart Key System on front doors with Push Button Start (S) Smart Stop Technology (SST) (S) Star Safety System (S) Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) (S) Toyota Safety Sense 3.0 (S) Traction Control (TRAC) (S) Vehicle Proximity Notification System (VPNS) (S) Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) (S) Ventialted front seats (S) 12.3-inch Toyota Audio Multimedia (S) 7-inch instrument cluster display (S) Apple CarPlay and Android Auto compatibility (S) Dial-type shift knob (S) One 12V/120W auxiliary power outlet (S) One USB-A media port (S) Overhead console with maplights and power sunshade controls (S) Roof-mounted shark-fin antenna (S) SiriusXM with a 3-moth Platinum Plan trial (S) 6 x speakers (S) 9 x speakers with JBL Audio System (O) Top-mount Multi-Information Display (MID) with indicators (S) 4 x USB-C charge ports (S) Wireless mobile phone charger (S) Dual zone automatic climate control system with dust and pollen filter (S) Rear-seat vents (S) 60/40 split, reclining fold-flat rear seats (S) Manually height-adjustable front passenger seat (S) Manually sliding front passenger seat (S) Power height-adjustable driver seat with lumbar support and memory (S) Power-sliding driver seat (S) Heated steering wheel (S) Leather-trimmed manual tilt/telescopic 3-spoke steering wheel (S) Black interior door handles (S) Color-keyed outside door handles with touch-sensor lock/unlock feature on front doors (S) Executive panoramic glass roof (O) Kick-activated power lift door (S) Power door locks with shift-linked automatic lock/unlock feature (S) Power lift gate (S) Power windows switches with satin chrome inserts (S) Power windows with auto up/down and jam protection (S) Privacy glass (S) Privacy glass on all rear side, quarter and liftgate windows (S) Rain-sensing variable intermittent windshield auto wipers with de-icer function (S) Rear liftgate window defogger (S) Sun visors with illuminated vanity mirrors (S) UV-filter on rear windows (S) Washer fluid level warning (S) Auto-dimming rearview mirror (S) Heated power outside mirrors with turn signal and blind spot warning indicators (S) Memory function on side mirrors (S) Outside mirrors with puddle lights and folding feature (S) Ambient lighting on interior door handles (S) Automatic High Beams (AHB) and auto on/off (S) Bi-LED projector low- and high-beam headlights (S) Illuminated entry system & Footwell lights (S) LED Daytime Running Lights (DRL) (S) LED front-seat reading lights, dome light and cargo area light (S) LED taillights and stop lights (S) One-touch 3-blink lane change turn signals (S) Turn signal stalk with headlight controls (S) White ambient lighting on front and rear doors (S) Black carpet flooring with driver-side footrest (S) Cloth (S) Soft-touch armrests and center console with piano-black accents (S) Soft-touch fabric dashboard (S) |
Additional information
Additional information about this electric vehicle.
| Additional information | GA-C EV platform | - | - | Editor's note: For most markets in Europe the bZ4X has several trims with different names. There are some minor differences between corresponding trim levels. Make sure you acquaint in detail with the features for your selected trim from your local dealer. |
| 2020 Lexus UX 300e Premium | 2015 Nissan Leaf SV | 2022 BMW iX xDrive40 | 2023 Toyota bZ4X Vision FWD |